| Abstract Scope |
The rapid growth of lithium-ion battery (LIB) usage in India is being driven by strong demand for electronics and electric vehicles. This transition requires increased recycling of spent LIB waste to recover valuable metals and an effective end-of-life (EOL) management strategy to mitigate any related environmental impacts. India’s LIBs processing capacity is 35,000 tonnes, with 10,000 tonnes for mechanical processing annually. By 2030, India will require 193,000 tonnes cathode active material, 98,000 tonnes anode active material, 91,000 tonnes aluminium, 41,000 tonnes copper, and 8,000 tonnes LiPF6 to produce 100 GWh of batteries. Recycling capacity must expand ninefold. This paper explores current recycling technologies for LIBs in India, assessing lithium recovery rates, techno-economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, it identifies the current industry players, their recycling capacities, the status and potential capital costs and different value chain models. The outcomes identify proposed solutions to improve the environmental impact of LIB usage. |