| Abstract Scope |
The widely used volumetric energy density (VED) formula for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has inherent flaws when correlating with process metrics due to its inability to distinguish between materials and parameter sets with similar VED values but different outcomes. This research modifies the VED equation, preserving its simplicity while addressing these issues. By incorporating additional machine parameters and material properties using a dimensionless analysis method, we develop a more robust equation with readily available data, enhancing its practical usefulness. Experimental validation shows exceptional results, as data from various machines, materials, and VED values converge to a single curve, proving the effectiveness of our modifications. This improved metric holds promise for better quality assessment and process optimization in L-PBF additive manufacturing. |