| Abstract Scope |
The trachea is a cartilaginous organ that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs and allows the passage of air. The C-shaped cartilage, made of collagen, elastin, and hyaline, forms rings around the lumen, providing mechanical strength and maintaining structural integrity during deformation. The inner lumen contributes to the flexible nature of the trachea. In this study, hierarchical structures of goose tracheae were explored by confocal laser microscope and SEM. Multi-scale mechanical tests, including tensile, compressive and bending tests, cyclic loading/unloading and micro/nano-indentation, were conducted on dry and rehydrated samples of goose tracheae. Results demonstrate that the rehydrated goose tracheae exhibit superior deformability, with cracks being deflected by the lamellar structure, thus offering flexibility during rotation and extension of the neck. Deformation mechanisms are analyzed by DIC and FEA and structure-mechanic-function relationship of goose tracheae is established, providing insights into lightweight and flexible materials designs and functional applications. |