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Meeting 2025 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition
Symposium REWAS 2025: Sustainable End-of-Life Management and Recycling Solutions for Batteries, Wind Turbines, and Photovoltaics
Presentation Title Decommissioning, characterization and proposed recycling route of a used Na-ZnCl<sub>2</sub> battery cell
Author(s) Cathrine K. W. Solem, Thomas P. Simonsen, Fabrizio Vagliani, Zhaohiu Wang, Stein Rørvik, Alberto Turconi, Andrea Pozzi, Camilla Sommerseth, Karen S. Osen, Kent-Robert Molvik, Ole S. Kjos
On-Site Speaker (Planned) Cathrine K. W. Solem
Abstract Scope New battery technologies are necessary to cover the increasing demand in the green transition, and the novel Na-ZnCl<sub>2</sub> battery has been suggested as a solution to a cheap SALT battery, exploiting abundant materials such as Na and Zn. It is, however, important to develop a recycling route for new batteries, making sure that end-of-life products do not go to landfill, and that the materials used can be reused for the same or different applications. The present study has therefore investigated how Na-ZnCl<sub>2</sub> battery cells can be safely decommissioned and recycled. Characterization of the disassembled battery components has been carried out, and it is concluded that the electrode materials and current collectors can be integrated in today’s recycling process of the state-of-the-art Na-NiCl<sub>2</sub> battery. This is also the case for solid β’’-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> membrane and the liquid NaAlCl<sub>4</sub> electrolyte.
Proceedings Inclusion? Planned:
Keywords Characterization, Recycling and Secondary Recovery,

OTHER PAPERS PLANNED FOR THIS SYMPOSIUM

A Preliminary Techno-economic Analysis for the Establishment of a Spent Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Facility in Bangladesh to Produce Black Mass
A separation-free and purification-free method for direct production of lithium-rich solution from industrial-grade lithium-ion battery waste
Assessing Circular Economy in Photovoltaics: Life Cycle Perspective of Material Recovery, Reuse, and Remanufacturing
Barriers and Opportunities for Recycling Wind Turbine Blades in the United States
Chemical Dismantling of End-of-life Permanent Magnet Materials
Critical Metals Recovery via Multistep Pyrolysis of Spent Li-ion Battery
Cryogenic Milling: The Highly Efficient, Environment Friendly, and Cost-Effective Process for the Recycling of High Purity Graphite from End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries
Decommissioning, characterization and proposed recycling route of a used Na-ZnCl2 battery cell
End-of-Life Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries in India
Enhancing Graphite Flotation Efficiency in The Presence of PVDF Binder via Surface Modifications by Ultrasound and UV Irradiation
Enriching and Recovering Valuable Elements from Failed Lithium-ion Batteries: A review
EVALUATING THE USE OF WIND BLADE RESIDUE AND RECYCLED AGGREGATE IN LOW-STRENGTH CONCRETE
Formation and Stability of Hydrides during Hydrogenation of NdFeB Magnets
Leaching studies of LiCoO2 cathode powder in phosphoric acid medium
Lithium Extraction from Wastewater of Li-ion Battery Direct-Recycling via Electrodialysis
Opportunities and Challenges in Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling – Emphasis on Pretreatment and Pyrometallurgical Processing
Optimizing Early-Stage Lithium Recovery: Investigating Oxalic Acid Leaching of Black Mass from End-of-Life NMC 622 Batteries
Photovoltaic Waste Management – Technologies and Strategies to Recycle c-Si and CI(G)S PV Waste
Pilot-Scale Hydrometallurgical Recycling of NMC Blackmass
Recycling of lithium-ion batteries cathode material using supercritical fluid extraction
RECYCLING OF RAW-CRUSHED WIND-TURBINE BLADE FOR CONCRETE PRODUCTION: MECHANICAL AND DURABILITY PERFORMANCE
Recycling of Solar Wafers through Acid Leaching and Vacuum Refining.
Reductive Leaching investigation of Li-NMC Cathode Material Related to Spent Battery Recycling
Reductive Leaching of Cathode Active Material from Li-ion Batteries and Recovery of Copper Reductant
Reviews and Perspectives: Selective Leaching—A Promising Approach for Recycling Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries
Right-Sizing Mining Capacity to Enable Future Battery Recycling
Solubilities of lithium, nickel, and cobalt oxides in deep eutectic solvents
Solvo-metallurgical Process for the Extraction of Lithium from End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries
Sustainable Management of end-of-life batteries
Sustainable Recycling of Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Sustainable route for Nd recycling from end-of-life NdFeB magnet using a deep eutectic solvent
Synergistic Processing of Mixed LFP-NMC Black Mass for Improved Recycling Operations
Thermokinetic study of LMO EOL-LIBs using unconventional pyrometallurgical recycling
Upcycling Spent Battery Cathodes into Steel with Green Hydrogen

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