| Author(s) |
H. Pizana Porras, M. Pérez-Labra, F. R. Barrientos-Hernández, J. A. Palmas-León, M. Reyes-Pérez, V. Acosta-Sánchez, J. C. Juárez Tapia, V. E. Reyes-Cruz |
| Abstract Scope |
Solid solutions of the Ba1-xNixTi1-x/4O3 type, with x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 (% by weight) were synthesized from high purity precursor powders (BaCO3, TiO2 and NiO) using the solid-state reaction method evaluating two sintering ramps (2°C/min and 6°C/min). The precursor mixture was decarbonated at 900°C for 8 hours, and sintered at 1200°C for 5 hours using 2 heating ramps: 2°C/min and 6°C/min in air atmosphere. The structural evolution and morphological characteristics of the obtained synthesized solid solutions as a function of the sintering rate were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM-EDX). The results obtained by XRD indicated the presence of the pure ferroelectric tetragonal BaTiO3 phase for the samples with x = 0, and doped with nickel for x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 (% by weight) using the sintering ramp of 2°/min and 6°/min, while a combination of BaTiO3 and the secondary phase identified as Ni3TiO5 was identified for the samples with x = 0.1, 0.2 (wt%), while in the ramp 6°C/min ramp in sample x = 0.2 (wt%) the secondary phase NiTiO3 was identified. The morphologies of the synthesized samples were characterized by agglomerated faceted granular structures of various sizes. The EDS analysis revealed that the doped BaTiO3 ceramics (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) contained Ba, Ti, O and Ni elements near their surfaces. |