| Abstract Scope |
Poor stability and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have prevented the devices from practical applications of industrial standard photovoltaic modules that can withstand sustained long-term operation under outdoor conditions. To solve such issues, we developed simple methods for the production of functional nanocomposites such as Ag-rGO, perovskite-NiO, perovskite/Ag-rGO, NiO-carbon-graphite, etc and utilized them for the fabrication of ambient-air and antisolvent-free processed stable, hysteresis-free PSCs. In addition, to solve interfacial degradation whcih affects device performance Al2O3/NiO layers were utilized for interface engineering between elecrtron transport layer and active layer. By introducing the functional composites into PSCs with interface engineering, we obtained high efficiency of >18% and fill factor of >78% with excellent reproducibility. More importantly, the devices without encapsulation showed significant enhancement in long-term stability and the photovoltaic parameters sustained its stability over 330 days with retaining over 95% of its original values under ambient condictions. |